Find medieval festivals across Europe

Estonia's capital on the Gulf of Finland, a Hanseatic port whose walled Old Town — the merchants' lower town and Toompea hill above it — is one of the most complete medieval townscapes in northern Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.

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Walled Hanseatic port on the island of Gotland, a UNESCO World Heritage town with a 3.4 km ring wall, a dozen church ruins and the best-preserved medieval townscape in Scandinavia.

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From 1309 to 1377 the popes ruled the Latin Church from Avignon, not Rome, and from 1378 the city held one of the two rival popes of the Great Schism. The Palais des Papes they built is the largest Gothic palace in Europe, and the 4.3 km of wall the popes threw around the town in 1355–70 still runs the whole way round it.

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For roughly two centuries Bruges was the commercial capital of north-west Europe: English wool arrived here, left as Flemish cloth, and the Burgundian dukes kept their court in the middle of it. The sea channel that made the town rich silted up, the money moved to Antwerp, and Bruges became too poor to rebuild itself — which is the real reason so much of it is still standing.

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